Two very much related stories appeared
in Sunday's paper, one entitled “Soldiers worried about Army
future” and the other “Obama's choice of CIA director to signal
course”. What makes them “very much related”, you ask? Well,
it's simply that the CIA has, of late, taken on a military role that
rivals that of the special operations forces, the Army's included, and also takes a big chunk out of the Air Force mission.
Time was when the Air Force would strike first (remember "shock and awe"?), then the Marines would go in to soften things up, then
the Army would come in like a human wave, and once things were
settled down a bit the special ops guys would fan out into the jungle
(desert, whatever) to start fighting insurgents and guerrillas on
their own terms. Problem is, while this model was still supposedly
alive and well the regular Army was gradually reduced to doing, much
of the time, things they were never trained to do – things like
“nation building” (which can include everything from supervising
elections to building schools to supplying food, water and medical
supplies to conducting focus groups to – for all I know –
changing diapers). In other words, in many parts of the world where
we are occupiers, the Army has been turned into a bunch of social
workers – not that the work is not important or useful, but you
don't need combat-trained people in fatigues to do it. And at the
same time, the CIA has its own army, made up largely of mercenaries
(AKA “contractors”) to do the really important stuff – not just
security but also special ops-type stuff, which makes me wonder, do
we even need the uniformed special ops guys anymore? (And – does
this have something to do with Petraeus' downfall?)
See, the gradual evolution (or
devolution, depending on one's point of view) of the U.S. military
model, or “vision”, has been away from set-piece battles (the
last of which, arguably, occurred in Europe and North Africa during
World War II) and toward relatively autonomous, small-unit operations
requiring a significantly different kind of training. This made
perfect sense, given that the nature of the enemy had changed; we
were no longer facing armies, but small groups of
rebels/insurgents/guerrillas who knew the terrain (both in the
literal and cultural sense), and who were, in most respects,
indistinguishable from the general populace (because, in fact, they
were the general populace – at least some of the time). And
it's not as if we'd never fought other people on their own turf
before; consider Germany in the last days of World War II. (The
atomic bomb kept us from having to fight the Japanese on their home
turf – which, in fact, probably saved more Japanese lives than were
lost in the bombings. But I digress.) But again, it was the old
model with armies in uniform, weapons that looked like weapons (vs.
IEDs, e.g.), and, yes, “rules of war”. (Both sides used gas in
World War I. Neither side used it in World War II. That's right –
the Nazis did not choose to regress to gas warfare. This is never
pointed out, of course. They also treated our POWs much better than
the Japanese did; there will never be a “Hogan's Heroes” about a
Japanese prison camp.)
What we are faced with now is summed up
in the article as follows: “Soldiers who were trained to fight
tank battles shifted to a style of combat that emphasized politics,
cultural awareness, and protecting the local population from
insurgent attacks.” In other words, changing diapers (figuratively
speaking, at least). This began in Vietnam (remember "hearts and minds"?) but has really come to a
head in the post-9/11 world. Actually, I would say that the
transition, on our side, was prefigured in the war in the Pacific,
but it came to a head in Vietnam, where we went over there expecting
to fight a nice clean, crisp, European-style war and wound up
nostril-deep in swamps and jungles. That took some getting used to,
and in fact we never got used to it. The lean little monkey-like
creatures who lived there, and who ran around without having to carry
50-pound packs, finally managed to get rid of us... and you can say
what you want about “politics”, but, in my opinion, we lost
largely because we didn't know how to fight that kind of war, and
refused to learn. You'd think carpet bombing, Agent Orange, and
Napalm would have done the trick, right? Good old American know-how.
And yet, mysteriously, we had to leave and the communists and the
“Cong” got to stay. They had home field advantage, certainly –
but then so did Germany, and they wound up buried in ashes.
I think the difference may have to do
with styles of warfare – and the fact that we can win when we're
fighting a war our way, as long as the other side is also fighting
the war our way. But if they choose some radically alternative
method, and are on their home turf besides, we're at a decided
disadvantage and are likely to lose (as in Vietnam) or be stalemated
(as in Korea, Iraq, and Afghanistan). I'll take this one step
further – I think we might well have wound up stalemated in Japan,
and forced to sign a treaty rather than their having to
unconditionally surrender, if it hadn't been for the A-bomb. This
can never be proven, but subsequent events do provide plenty of room
for speculation. Land wars in Asia just don't seem to be our forte,
and no amount of training or “readiness” can make them so. I
guess we could pretend to fight the way they do (that's one thing
special ops forces are supposed to be able to do), but I'm not sure
how far that would go. I think you really have to have their mindset
– their brains – for it to work. (To cite an extreme case – do
we have any defense against suicide bombers? Not really – and one
reason is that we simply don't understand them. Since we don't “get”
what it would take for someone to do that, we have a hard time coming
up with any answers – defensive or otherwise. Knowing “the mind
of the enemy” is always Job One, and if that is unknowable,
everything else can fall by the wayside.)
So with that as background, what are
soldiers worried about these days? (And note that some of them are
so worried they are committing suicide – in record numbers.) “Some
officers worry that the service is reverting to a more comfortable,
rigid and predictable past.” Translation – go back to the old
models, scenarios, and “war games” that have been outdated for
decades. But hey, at least it's familiar... it's understandable...
and it's “American”, rather than the “dirty fighting” that we
encounter so often in third-world pestholes. So – no clear,
future-oriented sense of direction. But hasn't the experience of the
Middle East over the past ten years provided a new model? Apparently
not. And why is this? Simply that we've been fighting (or not
fighting) unwinnable wars over there – not only unwinnable in the
strategic sense but unwinnable because that was the plan all along.
(This is me talking now – and I've made the argument more than once
on this site, so won't elaborate on it again at this time. But I
suspect that a gradually-increasing sense of this is taking place
within the military – along with all the resentment and frustration
one would expect. In this sense, it's a psychological recapitulation
of Vietnam, except that Vietnam was not designed to be unwinnable, it
just turned out that way.) So a sense of futility and absurdity
develops, and when soldiers, who feel these things on a deep level
even if they are unable to articulate them, look to the future, all
they can see is more of what we have now – at best. No clear
mission, no victories, no “exit criteria”, no nothing – just go
somewhere, make loud noises and kill things, and go home (if you're
lucky). How is anyone supposed to tie this to patriotism, home,
family, human values? Heaven knows, they try hard enough – but the
attempts are in themselves absurd, and speak more of desperation than
of discovering any real links. Soldiers can mouth all the words they
like about “fighting [halfway around the world] to preserve our
freedoms” but deep down I suspect they know it's a hoax.
And then there is the very real, human
nature-type question, who to blame? Vietnam boiled down to LBJ and
“the best and the brightest”, with JFK getting off scot-free.
Iraq and Afghanistan are, of course, all about “terrorism”, which
the other side calls “defense of the homeland”. OK – those are
two world views not readily reconciled. But is “terrorism” to
blame? All it is is a word that someone in Washington made up and
then defined in order to serve their own ends. Or is it the people
who think terrorism can be defeated? Or, more likely, the people who
say terrorism can be
defeated, even though they know full well it can't? Or, also likely,
the people who use terrorism as an excuse for pursuing other agendas
– things like power, money, “immanentizing the eschaton”, etc.
(OK – for that last, you can start by checking out
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanentize_the_eschaton.
It refers, in this case, to Evangelicals and Christian Zionists
trying to accelerate the End Times by fulfilling Biblical prophesies
(mostly from Revelations) using (and abusing) our military, national
wealth, politicians, personal freedoms, and reputation on the world
stage. Do I have to say any more about how well this has worked out
so far?)
It's actually
fortunate (for the power elite) that so much of the military is drawn
from the working (or non-working) classes, since they tend to be more
fatalistic and less questioning of authority or events. “Shit
happens” is their watchword... and they seldom sit down and analyze
precisely where that shit that happens comes from. If they did, we
might have a real proletarian revolution on our hands – you know,
the kind Obama was supposedly leading before he actually became
president and developed a new respect for perpetual war.
But back to the
Army for a moment. The article also refers to “a Pentagon defense
[read “war”] strategy that emphasizes air and naval power over
ground forces.” Well – maybe, but how many Navy guys are
wandering around Afghanistan in boots and fatigues carrying a rifle?
And as to the Air Force – don't all of those drones belong to the
CIA? I mean, honestly – when I look at our recent and current
conflicts in the Middle East and North Africa I see more of a CIA
“footprint” than all of the military services combined. This is,
in fact, the elephant in the NCO club, but it's apparently too big
for anyone to actually see. The Army is quickly being rendered
obsolete – not by the other branches as much as by the so-called
“intelligence” agencies. They can blame it on the other services
if they like, but that's just about age-old rivalries, not reality.
And what about
those budget cuts (which have yet to kick in, you'll notice)? Well,
as I've said before, if you took our “defense” budget and reduced
it to just what is actually needed for defense, as opposed to war,
you could probably cut out about 80% or so. As it is, these
“draconian” cuts are more or less the equivalent of one less
mocha latte per week for the average metrosexual – painful yes, but
hardly fatal. (And wasn't it clever, by the way, of Congress to hold
“defense” hostage when they were designing the “fiscal cliff”?
They picked the one thing that they knew would never actually be cut
– at least not by enough to make any difference. This tactic is
called (in government circles) “gold watching it”.)
Here's another
quote from the article: “(T)he Army has not been able to
articulate a clear mission that will enable it to hold on to its
shrinking share of the Pentagon budget.” Well... actually,
“articulating a mission” is not the Army's job, but the job of
its civilian overseers – you know, guys like the secretary of the
army, the secretary of defense, and the president. Expecting the
Army to articulate its own mission gets things precisely backwards.
Oh, I'm sure plenty of senior leaders in the Army would just love to
get a chance to articulate their mission – but it might not have a
whole lot to do with the best interests of the country as a whole.
(I'm envisioning things like “nuke every Islamic city in the world”
-- you know, level-headed stuff like that. Senior Army officers are
smart, but their elevators don't ever go quite to the top floor –
as witness Gen. Petraeus. And besides, if we'd wanted a country
where the military was in charge, we would have designed it that
way.)
Plus, you have
to understand that pitting the services against one another is a game
politicians play. They already know how much in the way of resources
is going to each service, and which major programs are going to be
supported, but they just enjoy the spectacle. And yes, it's all
terribly wasteful – but since when has anyone in Washington been
concerned with that?
So – while the
Army dithers, and wrings its hands, and feels like a wallflower –
what's going on a few miles up the Potomac, at CIA HQ? There, all is
groovy and smurfy, thanks to a virtually unlimited, and top secret,
budget... and the advantage of being above the law at all times and
in all places (a privilege the Army might envy now and then, but
seldom gets to enjoy). And yet, they seem to have things to deal
with as well – and I'm not talking about the precipitous departure
of Gen. Petraeus, who was only the most recent to cross over that great
divide between the military and the “intel” community – which
is like being promoted from field hand to butler in the Old South.
What's on the
CIA's mind, according to the article, is – will they get to keep
their new favorite toy, namely armed drones? Gone are the days of
secret codes, trench coats, and messages hidden under park benches;
now the CIA has major firepower, and no intention of giving it up.
The article refers to “the agency's pronounced shift toward
paramilitary operations” -- the question being, will that trend
continue or be reversed somehow? (And if so, by whom? Oh, right,
the president. You know – that same guy who knew absolutely
nothing about Benghazi and Petraeus, and had to catch up by watching
CNN?) Yes, apparently there is some concern that the CIA has become
another branch of the military, albeit not in the same chain of
command (or any other, for that matter). It's one thing to have an
agency that knows everything about everyone – we went through that
with the FBI in Hoover's day – but to have one that, in addition,
has its own army and its own high-tech weaponry.... why, that's...
that's... almost like the places we've always fought against! Who
can forget the way the Gestapo rode roughshod over the German
military... or the way the KGB intimidated the Russian military? The
article cites Petraeus as having “sought to cement the agency's
ties with the military...”. Well, right -- “cement” is also
another word for “dominate”. And by the way, guess who the CIA
recruits for its private army? By and large, veterans of the
uniformed special ops forces. Yes, the “best and the brightest”
(and probably the most merciless) from the military are being skimmed
off the top, offered sky-high pay and the chance to see the world and
meet (i.e. kill) people. Who could resist?
The final
paragraph of the article quotes an Obama advisor: “Should the
agency be looking to be the principal player in a global drone war
versus its more traditional role as the principal collector and
analyst of foreign intelligence?” Well – I think that question's
already been answered. While the Army sits all alone and feeling
blue, the CIA moves in and takes the best people and the best
missions. I'm sure they'll continue to collect intelligence – but
only enough to support their own military operations. And the Army
will be left alone to do nation building, social and humanitarian
work, and to continue being a lab for social experimentation. (We
wouldn't want to give those guys guns and trust them with an actual
mission, would we?) Sounds like “win-win” all around.